The concept of determinism was unknown to ancient Greek and Roman philosophers because they regarded the universe as a combination of forces. Gods could influence […]

For modern readers, Stoicism is hard to understand because our century is vastly different from the early Roman Empire. It is easy for us to […]

There is often a considerable distance between the sayings and the actions from philosophers. Especially when they use a grandiloquent tone, I prefer to look […]

Although Seneca (4 BC-65 AD) employed the term “virtue” inconsistently, his poor logic did not prevent him from making profound observations about human nature, virtue, […]

The term “virtue” has become so overused that it is healthy to look at it with suspicion. Unfortunately, it often happens that people will invoke […]